Closed-Loop Harmonic Energy Schematic

Defensive Publication (Public Domain): Closed-Loop Harmonic Energy Schematic

Codename: Toroidal Harmonic Regenerative Loop (THRL)

Intent: A non-overunity, closed-loop energy conditioning + recovery architecture that reduces losses by phase-locking, resonant transfer, and bidirectional capture (electrical + mechanical), while staying inside conservation laws.

1) System Idea in One Line

Use a phase-locked resonant bus as the “common bloodstream” of a device, so every actuator becomes a generator on the return stroke, and every conversion stage is timed to zero-cross / zero-voltage / zero-current switching windows.

2) Block Schematic (Text Blueprint)

                   ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
                   │             HARMONIC CONTROL CORE              │
                   │  PLL + State Estimator + MPC + Safety Interlock│
                   └───────────────┬───────────────────────────────┘
                                   │ phase / freq / timing refs
                                   ▼
┌───────────────┐   DC link   ┌───────────────┐   resonant AC bus   ┌───────────────┐
│ Primary Source│────────────▶│ BiDir DC/DC   │───────────────┬────▶│ Resonant Bus  │
│ (PV/batt/grid)│◀────────────│ (soft-switch) │◀──────────────┴────│ (L-C “artery”)│
└───────────────┘  regen feed └───────────────┘     energy return   └──────┬────────┘
                                                                           │
                                                ┌──────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┐
                                                │                          │                          │
                                                ▼                          ▼                          ▼
                                       ┌─────────────────┐       ┌─────────────────┐       ┌─────────────────┐
                                       │ Load Cell A      │       │ Load Cell B      │       │ Thermal Cell     │
                                       │ (motor/actuator) │       │ (inductive heat) │       │ (heat pump TEC)  │
                                       │ + Synch Rectifier│       │ + Synch Rectifier│       │ + Power recovery │
                                       └───────┬─────────┘       └───────┬─────────┘       └───────┬─────────┘
                                               │ regen/mech              │ regen/field             │ regen/thermal
                                               ▼                         ▼                         ▼
                                           ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
                                           │                RETURN / RECOVERY MANIFOLD               │
                                           │  synchronous rectification → DC link → storage buffer    │
                                           └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Key design principle: every “load cell” is bidirectional: it draws power in one phase and returns power in another, and the controller keeps the whole network in tune.

3) Core Subsystems (What Each Part Is)

A) Resonant Bus (“Energy Artery”)

• A shared L–C resonant network (can be series, parallel, or LLC-like) that carries circulating reactive energy.
• Purpose: move real power with minimal switching loss by operating converters at resonance.

Practical note: You don’t need massive circulating current; you want enough reactive energy to create a predictable timing reference and soft-switch windows.

B) Bidirectional DC/DC (Soft-Switch Coupler)

• Connects DC storage/sources to the resonant bus.
• Runs in both directions:

• forward: source → bus
• reverse: recovered energy → DC link/storage
• Uses ZVS/ZCS timing guided by PLL.

C) Load Cells (Actuators That Pay You Back)

Any subsystem that normally “consumes” can be made bidirectional:

• motors (traction, pumps, fans) → regen during decel / back-EMF
• inductive heating coils → capture magnetic field collapse energy
• piezo stacks / magnetostrictive elements → harvest return stroke
• compressors / flywheels → mechanical return via generator mode

Each cell includes:

• synchronous rectification (or active front end)
• current/voltage sensing
• a local protection layer (overcurrent, temperature)

D) Return / Recovery Manifold

• Aggregates regen power from all cells.
• Routes it to:

1. the resonant bus (to reduce draw from source), and/or
2. the DC link (storage, supercap), and/or
3. a “dump” path (safe resistor/thermal sink) if storage is full.

E) Harmonic Control Core (The “Conductor”)

• A PLL locks the bus frequency to the resonant peak (or a controlled offset).
• A state estimator tracks: bus phase, circulating reactive energy, real power flow, temperatures.
• A supervisory controller (MPC or rule-based) schedules:

• when loads draw
• when they regenerate
• bus amplitude setpoint
• soft-switch timing windows

4) Closed-Loop Harmonic Control Law (Conceptual)

Let:

• ( \omega_0 ) = resonant frequency
• ( \phi ) = measured bus phase
• ( A ) = bus amplitude (RMS or envelope)
• ( P_{net} ) = real power demand (positive draw, negative regen)

PLL (frequency locking):

• Adjust drive frequency ( \omega ) to keep phase near target ( \phi^* ) (often ~0 at resonance):
• ( \omega \leftarrow \omega + k_p(\phi^-\phi) + k_i\int(\phi^-\phi)dt )

Amplitude regulation (energy in the bus):

• Let bus “energy” proxy be ( E \propto A^2 )
• Maintain ( A ) within a corridor to preserve soft-switch windows:
• ( A_{cmd} \leftarrow A_{cmd} + \alpha (A^* - A) + \beta(-P_{net}) )

Scheduling rule (simple but effective):

• High draw operations happen near ZVS windows; regen is timed to reinforce bus phase (constructive return).

This is the “harmonic” part: time alignment makes the same joule do more useful work before it thermalizes.

5) Buildable Reference Topology (One Concrete Variant)

Variant: LLC Resonant Bus + Modular Active Front Ends

• Bus: LLC tank sized for desired frequency (e.g., 20–200 kHz for compact magnetics, or lower for high power).
• Couplers: full-bridge (SiC MOSFETs at higher power) with synchronous rectification.
• Storage: battery + supercap “shock absorber”
• Sensors: isolated voltage, current (Hall/CT), temperature at magnetics and switches.

6) Where the Efficiency Comes From (No Magic)

This architecture improves system efficiency via:

1. Soft switching (reduced switching loss, lower EMI)
2. Energy recovery from inductive and mechanical subsystems
3. Phase-coordinated power sharing so converters don’t fight each other
4. Reduced peak currents by shaping waveforms harmonically
5. Lower dissipation by keeping reactive energy circulating in a controlled way

It does not create energy; it reclaims and re-times energy that would otherwise become heat.

7) Safety + Failure Modes (Must-Haves)

• Resonance runaway protection: clamp amplitude; detect phase drift; hard stop if (A) exceeds limit.
• Storage full: route regen to dump load or reduce regen torque.
• Islanding / grid tie: anti-islanding if connected to mains.
• Thermal derate: magnetics and semis are the first to complain—watch them.
• EMI containment: shielding + spread-spectrum around resonance if needed.

8) Suggested Applications

• EV/robotics: multi-motor platforms with constant accel/decel cycles
• Industrial automation: cranes, presses, conveyors (heavy regen potential)
• Data center power conditioning: resonant DC distribution with recovery
• HVAC: compressor drives + fan drives on a shared resonant backbone

9) Minimal Prototype Path (Practical)

1. Start with one resonant bus + one bidirectional DC/DC module
2. Add one load cell (motor drive with regen)
3. Implement PLL phase lock and ZVS gating
4. Add recovery manifold to supercap buffer
5. Scale to multiple load cells once stability is proven

10) Disclosure Note (Public Domain)

This concept is hereby disclosed as a defensive publication: a closed-loop harmonic energy recovery and conditioning schematic intended for open replication, modification, and prior-art protection.